Overview
The “Wooden Standing Statue of Jizō Bosatsu,” housed in the Great Main Hall of Hōryū-ji Temple, is a masterpiece of wooden sculpture representing the early Heian Period (9th century). Jizō-bosatsu is a compassionate Buddhist figure believed to guide sentient beings through the six realms of existence after the passing of Shakyamuni Buddha and before the appearance of Maitreya. This statue is designated a National Treasure for its exceptional craftsmanship, being a prime example of ichiboku-zukuri.
Historical Background
The 9th century (early Heian Period) when this statue was created was a time when many powerful and mystical Buddhist statues were produced, heavily influenced by esoteric Buddhism (Mikkyō). Although the Great Main Hall at Hōryū-ji Temple burned down due to lightning in 925 CE and was rebuilt in 990 CE, this statue is estimated to have been created before that time, during the 9th century. The technique used—ichiboku-zukuri (sculpting the main parts of a figure from a single block of wood)—is highly significant. It reflects both the growing devotion to Jizō and the advanced sculptural activities at Hōryū-ji Temple. There is also speculation that it was originally housed in a local temple within Hōryū-ji, indicating its long history of careful preservation.
Features and Appeal
The greatest appeal of this statue lies in its profound presence, characteristic of the early Heian Period, combined with an expression of compassion beneath a veneer of solemnity.
- Volume from Single Wood Block: The figure’s body, carved from a single block of kaya wood, exhibits extremely rich musculature and abdominal definition. This emphasizes a powerful sense of volume unique to wood carving.
- Honpashiki Emon Drapery: The drapery folds (emon) are skillfully rendered using the “alternating wave pattern” (honpashiki emon), which alternates between high and low waves. This showcases the sharp, deep carving style typical of the early Heian Period.
- Dignified Expression: While peaceful, the expression holds a sense of severity and mystery. This quality reflects the unique spiritual depth of this era, differing from the more graceful styles seen in the later Heian Period.
- Excellent Preservation: The statue possesses a majestic stature of approximately 173 cm (5 ft 8 in). It has retained its dignity over more than a thousand years, testifying to the deep faith placed in Hōryū-ji Temple.
- Wood Carving Texture: The visible chisel marks and robust structure give the viewer a sense of warmth and overwhelming presence—a life force distinct from metal statues.
Source: Excerpted from the National Designated Cultural Properties Database (https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/bsys/index)