Overview
The Kachō Makie Kyōshoku is a masterpiece of lacquerware crafted during the late Heian Period (12th century). A kyōshoku is a type of furnishing item placed in front of a seated person—such as an Emperor or high priest—to support their elbows and body. This piece is extremely rare, preserving the refined lacquering techniques of the Heian period. It is held by the Fujita Museum of Art and designated as a National Treasure.
Historical Background
While the form of the kyōshoku can be seen in ancient treasures from the Nara Period (710–794), those early examples were primarily decorated in Tang-style motifs. As Japan entered the Heian Period, and its unique “Japanese culture” (Kokufū Bunka) matured, lacquerware techniques developed independently, centering on makie (gold or silver lacquer decoration). This piece inherits a form dating back to the Nara Period, yet its decorations feature the elegant makie favored by Heian nobility. It is thus an important historical document showing how continental tools were elevated into uniquely Japanese aesthetics.
Features and Appeal
The greatest appeal of this artifact lies in the beauty of Togida Makie, a lacquer technique characteristic of the Heian Period.
- Exquisite Togida Makie: This advanced technique involves applying lacquer over gold powder, then polishing the surface with charcoal to make the patterns appear raised and luminous.
- Butterfly and Flower Motif: The surface is decorated with a “butterfly and flower motif” (kachō mon), depicting butterflies fluttering among stylized vines. This symbolizes the delicate and poetic aesthetic unique to the Heian Period.
- Elegant Shape: The four legs are curved outward in a gentle arc, known as fureashi. This design achieves a perfect harmony between structural beauty and decorative appeal.
- Rarity of Survival: Furniture and furnishings from the Heian Period are exceptionally rare today. This piece is an indispensable work of art history that conveys the high cultural standards of court life during that era.
Source: Excerpted from the National Designated Cultural Properties Database (https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/bsys/index)